Police - 1142 Words

POLICE: HISTORY Throughout the history of civilization, societies have sought protection for their members and possessions. In early civilizations, members of one s family provided this protection. Richard Lundman has suggested that the development of formal policing resulted from a process of three developmental stages. The first stage involves informal policing, where all members of a society share equally in the responsibility for providing protection and keeping order. The second stage, transitional policing, occurs when police functions are informally assigned to particular members of the society. This stage serves as a transition into formal policing, where specific members of the community assume formal responsibility for†¦show more content†¦Under this system, citizens were appointed with the responsibility of maintaining order and controlling crime. Men were formed into groups of ten, called a tything. Ten tythings were grouped into a hundred and were supervised by a constable. Gro ups of ten hundreds created a shire, controlled by reeves. The word shire-reeve is the derivative of our current term sheriff (Uchida). In 1215, King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta, a document that guaranteed basic civil rights to citizens. The rights guaranteed under the Magna Carta limited the power of the throne and their appointees, and greatly contributed to many of the liberties citizens of England and America enjoy today. During the 1500s, England increased its participation in world trade and through the 1700s more citizens moved into the cities and crime began to rise. Although England had one of the harshest criminal justice systems of its time, including death sentences for minor crimes, crime and disorder continued to rise. Many began to hire their own private police, and the king began a system of night watch for the large cities. In 1737, the first formal taxation system for the purpose of law enforcement was introduced. City councils were allowed to levy taxes to pay for a night watch system (Gaines et al.). Despite these efforts, crime continued to rise and the need for a different system of policingShow MoreRelatedPolice Enforcement And The Police1483 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the police and they feel they should be afraid of the police rather than feel protected by the police. Dr. King once wrote that â€Å"When you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill yo ur black brothers and sisters with impunity, you express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws† (King 5). Seeing what police officers are capable of, not feeling any guilt or remorse of what has been done, changes the perspective of how people view the police departmentsRead MorePolice And Police Brutality1331 Words   |  6 Pagesquestioning if they will ever be safe in the streets again. Not everyone in the world is a criminal, but it only takes one person to ruin and blame the whole race. Police brutality is an everyday case and there has yet nothing to be done to help reduce nor stop the violence. Often people critic the duty and the responsibilities that a police officer has in this county. Their duty is far from just eating donuts and drinking coffee. The first thing someone does when they feel like their life or someone’sRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1337 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality is seen as a real problem in America t oday. What people do not seem to realize is that the police carry a massive burden each day. The work that officers do has the potential to be very demanding and sometimes involves dangerous situations. In these situations the officers are in the position where they may be required to use force to gain control. The continuum of force dictates the level that is most appropriate for the situation. Most people do not realize that is not the officersRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police800 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO and the resulting riots, the aggressive actions taken by police units has been pulled back into the spotlight, and law enforcement’s right to use force has been drawn into deep debate. People are angry and cannot seem to understand why the police use force when and where they do. The have come to equate the use of force with police brutality when in reality it is a system of steps that are designed to protect innoce nt bystanders from potentiallyRead MorePolice737 Words   |  3 PagesBecoming a Police Officer Keisha Elliott CJA/214 May/114/2012 Jeremy Leach Elliott Becoming a Police Officer The act of communicating is a universal practice shared and used by all human beings. It is so universal that it holds true to many different definitions of its meaning. The act could be defined as the expelling of thoughts into words to transmit information to another person. Communication exists between two or more individuals to share information, ideas, thoughts orRead MorePolice Forces And The Police Force817 Words   |  4 PagesBaltimore police force is provided with more resources than a small town police force. The wire showed how provided the Baltimore police was. In the wire it showed how the media turned the murder case into a drug case. When the media got involved the police chief made a new drug task force to fix the problem. This drug task force was made of people in different departments of the Baltimore police. It shows how the Baltimore police force can spared people for a new program. When this drug force startedRead MorePolice Officers And The Police Enforcement9 39 Words   |  4 PagesThe psychologist serves a great purpose in the law enforcement as well. The police psychologists provide services that are used to counter police use of excessive force. The psychologists are there to characterize the types of officers who are known to abuse force and to recommend psychology-based intervention that could help police managers reduce cases of excessive force. Some think that the police departments should rely mostly on pre employment screening to identify violence-prone candidatesRead MorePolice Administration Of The Police Essay1816 Words   |  8 Pages Police Administration Destinee Francis September 25, 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction A. Earlier organization of the police force B. Sir Robert Peel C. The three eras of policing II. Policing Today A. Different Technology with Policing III. Conclusion IV. References Introduction The earlier development of the law enforcement was developed by a man named Sir Robert Peel also known as the â€Å"Father of Modern Policing† (Bennett Hess, 2007). He was bornRead MorePolice Effectiveness And Police Performance1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthe British Police are held to account, and will touch upon the paradox of police governance, the balance of unwanted coercion of police, financial stewardship and police legitimacy. This essay will also divulge into a discussion on the topic; is policing political? There will be an argument for and against, and the advantages and disadvantages to both sides will be conversed to achieve an accurate conclusion. In addition this essay will start by portraying the significance of Police AccountabilityRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Police Agencies1609 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduce: I think we all can agree that the police agencies, image has been ruined in every way you could possibly think of. I truly believe that no one honors the police agencies anymore. As technology has enhance over the years, far as cell phones, people are able to see what police officers are really doing while on the force. There have been many video release when police brutality was reveal, as well as how the police agencies respond to an incident. Over the years, community policing has

Ancient Rome And Ancient China - 939 Words

Ancient Rome and Ancient China were two different civilizations with very different yet very similar ways of life. Culture, religion, and more importantly, politics, helped make life the way it was for those who lived in ancient rome and ancient china. Politics were what made everything function, just as it does today. Politics is what was responsible for the wars that took place between civilizations, and why dynasty’s fell and why new ones rose right after. Politics were the backbone holding up each civilization. Due to China and Ancient Rome rising during separate times, their rulers, the laws the had to be followed, and how social ranking affected politics. Many things were different between Ancient Rome and Ancient China The first†¦show more content†¦The leadership roles that started out these civilizations were very different and some more influential than others. In Ancient China and in Ancient Rome the law, just as the politics were different. In Ancient Ch ina some of the laws were respecting your parents, and others were the penalties for committing crimes, such as death from robbery. In China unlike rome, the women weren’t treated that well. A law for women was, If a girl insulted her parents he would be strangled. Some other punishments in the law were very intense, such as burning the cheeks of criminals which would leave a scar the rest of their lives. Many of the crimInal Ancient Rome the laws were under The Twelve Tables. The laws included in The Twelve Tables were much more strict and supposed to be â€Å" an eye for an eye† which meant that the punishment for the crime was supposed to be equal to itself. Some laws included were Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians, If the theft has been done by night, if the owner kills the thief, the thief shall be held to be lawfully killed, and If anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go. If the man summoned does not go, and let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force. Rome would bribe many people with a citizenship in exchange for their loyalty for the ruler and for the law.Show MoreRelatedComparing The Great Ancient Figures Of Ancient China And Rome1171 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation on why Ancient History is a great riveting subject to do in your senior years of education. This will be done through the comparison of two great ancient figures of ancient China and Rome. You will learn how the history of the great’s impact the modern society we see today, as Theodore Roosevelt once said ‘the more you know about the past, the better prepared you are for the future’. (Next slide) Spartacus The first ancient figure I will be talking about hails from Ancient Rome and was one ofRead MoreWomen of Ancient Rome and China Essay2040 Words   |  9 PagesWomen of Ancient Rome and China Women in ancient Rome and China were very different but quite similar as for as their treatment and roles were concerned. In both cultures they were under the protection of their fathers until they married. When they married they were to stay home and be wives, they were not formally educated and learned to manage their households. They were not allowed to disgrace their families in any way and were inferior to men from the moment of birth. Chinese women whetherRead MoreWomen of Ancient Rome China805 Words   |  4 PagesThe empires of Rome and China were very great ones, they both had many similarities and differences in the way they ran their empires. One major difference was the way they treated their women. Both Chinese and Roman women were unequal in social status than the men of the empires were, but they were definitely treated different in both empires. Women of China were treated quite harshly and were expected to take orders at all times by their husbands, and were to ser ve them always. This started toRead MoreDifferences in Ancient Rome and Han China944 Words   |  4 PagesHan China and Classical Rome When comparing Han China and Classical Rome, many political, geographical, and religious similarities can be found, though many differences are also prevalent. Though Roman and Han political structures both emphasized bureaucracies, they came to them quite differently. Through copious amounts of expansion, both societies spread culture and earned money, though expansion was eventually their downfalls. Their religions differed immensely, with Rome emphasizing polytheismRead MoreClassical Civilizations of Ancient Greece, Rome, and China Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesthere have been many civilizations, empires, colonies, and tribes that have impacted the world. The civilizations of Greece, Rome, and China have done this, but what sets them apart from the others is their lasting significance and lasting impact they had on the world. For this reason, they are considered classical civilizations. To describe how Greece, Rome, and Han China are classical, there are three systems that are u sed; these are Economic, Social, and Political. Out of these three classicalRead MoreAn Analysis of Art in Ancient China, Rome, and Northern Europe2290 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of Art in Ancient China, Rome, and N. Europe Introduction One thing is permanent about art throughout the ages and civilizations of time: it always expresses some aspect of the culture that produced it. So it may be seen in Renaissance Italy in Michelangelos David, or in Hellenistic Greece in the Dying Gaul. The Egyptian statue of Anubis reveals something about the spiritual belief of those ancient people, and the abstract expressionism of Kandinsky in the 20th century representsRead MoreWomen Of The Roman Empire1022 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Roman Empire, and in most ancient societies, the role and status of woman has been obscured by the bias of ancient male writers. Just as women are viewed in ancient Greece, and Imperial China, women in the Roman Empire were viewed as inferior to men. In the Roman Empire it was believed that women should be under the control of a guardian, which controls the aspects of her life. This guardian could be her father, husband, or a male relative (Nystrom). Marriage in the Roman Empire was not romanticRead MoreChina vs. Rome Compare and Contrast1390 Words   |  6 PagesChina and Rome China and Rome were astonishing civilizations that managed to advance technology and civilations. Both civilizations were rapidly growing and making changes to the world. The two cultures were pretty similar, yet very different. Their religions were something to be modest about. When it came to religion it helped the decline of both societies, by religion changing. When it came to technology though, its change is what caused the societies to flourish. As for education the bothRead MoreAttitudes of War in Ancient Civilizations1039 Words   |  5 Pageswar in both ancient Rome and China. These attitudes prove that in these cases perhaps it is safe to say that wars are not inevitable or natural but were caused by warlike societies and social situations. After reading bits and pieces of both the ancient Roman and Chinese history, one can only gain a greater perspective on how these attitudes derived. In 391 nomads called the Gauls defeated a small army of Roman aristocrats and bur nt down the town of Rome. After this attack, Rome rebuilt its townRead MoreCompare And Contrast Rome And Han Empire1342 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last three centuries, Rome and the Han Dynasty were successful in their expansion throughout their respected parts of the world. Although both ran a very similar government, both successful civilizations did so using different methods. The Han would govern using imperial rule in addition to the Analects of Confucianism to run their political ideology. The Han Dynasty would eventually even change the text of the Analects per how they ruled through the original tablets. The Roman Empire would

A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms Free Essays

These days, frauds and scams are observably rampant. In business, on the Internet, in the bank and any entity where money may be extracted. Brokerage firms and hedge funds never escaped this reality and these firms too are very susceptible to frauds and this fact is considered as a big threat upon the health of the financial market. We will write a custom essay sample on A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hedge funds are currently among the most popular or hottest type of investment prospects in the stock market these days. This type of investment â€Å"have been very prominent in the financial news, attracting a lot of attention from investors, brokerage firms, the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC† (Evans, Atkinson, and Cho 2005) Brokerage firms on the other hand have investment advisors and stockbrokers which are pack with information needed to be relayed to the investors. In this manner, if they are having plans to defraud and manipulate the information they have, which is a very unethical act, they actually can. The aforementioned hedge funds and brokerage are very susceptible to fraud caused by unsuitable investments. These unsuitable investments happen when the representative broker of the firm make misrepresentations of the investment to a customer or if this broker agent fall short in disclosing â€Å"to the customer all of the material facts about the investment† (Stoneman and Schulz) In short, this is a fraud, which, the common people also identify as a lie. Fraud is either lying or omitting something and according to the SEC, under Rule 10 (b) (5), employing any scheme, artifice or device defrauding someone or some entity constitute fraud or making untrue statements of material fact making the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading is another way to defraud. Moreover, engaging in any act, practice or course of business which operate or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person or entity in connection with any purchase or sale of any security. Even though wealthy investors in the hedge funds consider the occurrence of fraud to be insignificant, it is currently happening â€Å"too often to be ignored† (Guarding Against 2005) In fact for the past five years prior March 2005, there were already a total of fifty-one (51) fraudulent hedge fund cases with investor losses of approximately $ 5. 1 billion. One very popular type fraud in hedge funds was invented as early as 1919 called the Ponzi Scheme after Carlo Ponzi who first utilized this method. With this type fraud, the fund manager maintains the fiction that the fund is performing very well and is generating returns while it encourages new investor to invest and using their investments to pay off those earlier investors at a higher rate rather than investing the amount. On the side of the brokerage firms, they are the ones leaking the information to investors leading to fraud. In fact, the SEC alleged that brokerage firms recruited new investors for hedge funds from their clients (a technique known as â€Å"capital introductions. † (Evans, Atkinson, and Cho 2005) General fraudulent brokerage firm practices include stock marker manipulation to benefit a certain individual or entity; utilizing phony accounts in trading in the stock market; trading without the public’s information; doing trades that are unauthorized; refusing to customers’ sell orders; and falsifying firm’s records. Furthermore, more defined types of brokerage fraud (Brokerage Fraud, 2008) include (1) biased investment advice; (2) unfounded advice; (3) contradictory investment advice; (4) continuing a risk; and (5) conflict of interest. Each of these five portrays manipulation by the firm, taking its advantage as the advisor in influencing the decision of the customer in an unorthodox manner. As early as 2004 the SEC has been requiring brokerage firms to present relevant information stating the ways on how they help the hedge funds recruit new investors in order to prevent fraudulent fund raising. The SEC is also investigating selected cases to draw information from them and from which hedge funds might have used insider information to their ends and thereby gaining profit. This is especially true on initial public offerings (IPOs) This is according an article entitled Guarding Against Hedge Fund Fraud issue number 3 of the Trusting the Independent Financial Advisor Journal. The SEC advices the brokerage firm in order for them to stay within the rules and will not be penalized. This advice includes (1) fair dealing; (2) best execution; (3) customer confirmation rule; and (4) disclosure of credit terms. These general rules are embedded in the SEC’s Compliance Guide to the Registration and Regulation of Brokers and Dealers. Simply stated, the SEC and the American government in general do not want to have another Merrill Lynch, Salomon Smith Barney, Morgan Stanley or Bear Sterns deceiving the public. . Works Cited Evans, Thomas G. , Stan Atkinson, and Charles H. Cho. 2005. Hedge Fund Investing: Current Advice for Financial Advisers and Planners. Journal of Accountancy 199, no. 2: 52+. Morgenson, Gretchen. â€Å"Brokerage Firm Is Indicted In Fraud Case. † The New York Times, July 9, 1999, from http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9E02E2D8143CF93AA35754C0A96F958260. National Legal News â€Å"Brokerage Fraud. † 2008 from http://www. lawyershop. com/news/practice-areas/criminal-law/white-collar-crimes/securities-fraud/brokerage-fraud/. Stoneman, Tracy P. and Douglas J. Schulz. 2002. California: Kaplan Business Publishers The Securities and Exchange Commission. â€Å"Litigation Briefs. †2008 from . http://www. sec. gov/litigation/briefs/homestore_020405. pdf. Trusting the Independent Financial Advisor Journal. â€Å"Guarding Against Hedge Fund Fraud† issue number 3. March 2005, Switzerland: Roland Ray. How to cite A Big Threat to Brokerage Firms, Papers

Leukemia Essay Summary Example For Students

Leukemia Essay Summary Leukemia is a disease characterized bythe formation of abnormal numbers of white bloodcells, for which no certain cure has been found. Leukemia is also conditions characterized by thetransformation of normal blood-forming cells intoabnormal white blood cells whose unrestrainedgrowth overwhelms and replaces normal bonemarrow and blood cells. Leukemias are namedaccording to the normal cell from which theyoriginate, such as Lymphocyte Leukemia. Lymphocyte Leukemia is where a Lymphocytecell is transformed into a Leukemia cell. Anotherexample of Leukemia is Myelocytic or(Granulocytic Leukemia). This forms when aMyelocytic cell is changed or transformed into aLeukemia cell. Different Leukemias are located inthe microscope and by how much protein theycontain. These Leukemias are usually very severeand need treatment right away. The presentincidence of new cases per year in the UnitedStates is about 25 to every 100,000 persons. Thedanger to the patient lies in the growth of theseabnormal white cells, which interfere with thegrowth of the red blood cells, normal white bloodcells, and the blood platelets. The uncontrolledgrowth of the abnormal white cells produces atendency to unstop bleeding, the risk of gettingserious infection in the wounds, and a very smallpossibility of obstruction of the blood vessels. Treatment of these Leukemias includechemotherapy with alkylafing agents, orantimetabodies that suppress the growth ofabnormal white cells. Another treatment of somekind would be the x-ray or the administration orradioactive substances, or radiophosphorus, maybe used. After treatment these diseases may lastfor many years. Age of the person diagnosed withLeukemia does play an important part in how thatindividual responds to any treatment. The older theperson the less response he may have totreatment. Leukemia in Animals white blood cellsis much less common as Leukemia in humanswhite blood cells. Todays treatment mostlyincludes chemotherapy and or bone marrowtransplantation supportive care, where transfusionsof blood components and prompt treatment ofcomplicating infections, is very important. Ninetypercent of children with Acute LymphocyteLeukemia have received chemotherapy and fiftypercent of theses children have been fully cured ofLeukemia. Treatment of AML or AcuteMyeolcytic Leukemi a is not as successful but hasbeen improving more and more throughout the1990s. Scientists that study the cause ofLeukemia have not had very much success lately. Very large doses of x-rays can increase theefficacy growth of Leukemia. Chemicals such asBenzene also may increase the risk of gettingLeukemia. Scientists have tried experiments onLeukemia in Animals by transmitting RNA into thebody of the Animal. Interpretation of these resultsin relation with human Leukemia is very cautious atthis time. Studies have also suggested that familyhistory, race, genetic factors, and geography mayall play some part in determining the rates ofgrowth of these Leukemias. Stewart Alsop is anexample of Acute Myeoblastic Leukemia, orAML. On the day of July 21, 1971 Stewart wasmade aware of some of the doctors suspicionsdue to his bone marrow test. He was told by hisdoctor in Georgetown that his marrow slideslooked so unusual that he had brought in otherdoctors to view the test and they could not cometo an agreement so they all suggested that he takeanother bone marrow exam. The second test wasknown to be hypocelluar meaning that it hadvery few cells of any sort , normal of abnormal. The Georgetown doctors counted, aboutfourty-four percent of his cells were abnormal, andhe added, with a condor that he later discoveredcharacteristics. They were ugly-looking cells.Most of them looked like Acute MeyoblasticLeukemia cells, but not all some of them lookedlike the cells of another kind of Leukemia,Acatymphoblastic Leukemia, and some of themlooked like the cells of still another kind of bonemarrow cancer, not a Leukemia, it is calledDysprotinemia. And even the Myeloblastic cellsdidnt look exactly like Myeloblastic cells shouldlook. Stewart has been treated with chemotherapyand is still living today but he doesnt have verymuch longer to live. Sadako Saski was born inJapan in the year of 1943 she died twelve yearslater in the year of 1955 of Leukemia. She was inHiroshima when the United States Air Forcedropped an atomic bomb on that city in an attemptto end World War II. Sadako Saski was only twoyears old when all this had happened. Ten yearslater, Sadako had been diagnos ed with Leukemiaas a result of the radiation from the bomb. At thistime Sadako was only a twelve year old little girland she died of Leukemia. Everyday Sadakogrew weaker and weaker thinking about her deathand the day finally came. Sadako died on October25, 1955. Sadako was very much loved by all ofher classmates. At the time of death, herclassmates folded 356 paper cranes to be buriedwith her. This is a symbol in Jpan ofthoughtfulness. In summary to what I have learnedabout Leukemia it is a very painful disease. Thepeople with Leukemia suffer very much throughoutthe disease and treatment of the disease, even ifthey are eventually cured. The treatment ittook to get there was very painful. The studies ofLeukemia have helped alot of people to be curedbut there are still alot of people suffering due to nocure found to help them. Im sure like all othercures needed, the money is short funded for theresearch that cost so very much. Maybe somedaysoon, we hope, they will find a cure for al l kinds ofcancer.